According to the author, if one's religious moral code gives conflicting advice on whether it is permissible to drink alcohol, then moral philosophy cannot provide any guidance because the conflict can only be resolved by interpreting religious texts

i think that the quotes in paragraph 11 contribute to the development of ideas because it provides a good reasoning of the central idea of the text.

the answer is b. an opposing veiwpoint

explanation:

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"facing the rising sun of our new day begun

let us march on till victory is won.",

because the rising sun is a symbol of hope.

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