What trait of gothic literature does this passage have in common with edgar allan poe’s “the raven”?

How is the rhetoric that both authors use effective in conveying their points of view? explain with evidence from the texts. collection 2 - from reading lolita in tehran, from persepolis 2

The prefix of the italicized word in the sentence is rather difficult

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?