The act of retrieval can have both positive and negative outcomes. on one hand, it improves the information just retrieved and increases the likelihood it will be retrieved again, a phenomenon called the on the other hand, it harms related information causing a person to forget such related information, a phenomenon called

The correct answer is retrieval practice effect; retrieval-induced forgetting

Explanation: The first answer is retrieval practice effect which when explained further simply means tying to memorize information without having it in front of you. For instance, suppose you are trying to memorize a  passage in your favorite book, you can do retrieval practice by trying to say words in  the passage from your memory, that is without looking at the actual passage.

The second answer is retrieval-induced forgetting. This  phenomenon results from an act of remembering but  also causing the memory to forget similar information it would have retained before. However, this might just be a temporary forgetfulness. For example when one is trying to remember a specific word, other words that are closely related to that specific word compete in the mind and might result in one not being able to retrieve the specific word immediately.

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the correct answer is:   [d]:   " diagram "   .

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