From the passage, the reader can infer a. margo now writes the "dear abby" column, too. b. lederer started "ann landers" to compete with "dear abby." c. margo was angry her mother didn't pass "ann landers" on. d. publication of "ann landers" ceased in 2002.

few people probably would have guessed that identical twin sisters esther "eppie" pauline friedman lederer and pauline “popo” esther friedman phillips would grow up to become two of the most influential advice columnists in the world. “dear abby” and “ann landers” were both known by their millions of daily readers for their quick wit and sage wisdom.
the pair grew up in sioux city, iowa and attended morningside college where they both worked on the newspaper staff. in 1939, at the age of 21, the friedman sisters married in a joint ceremony. the original “ann landers” was started in 1942 by a nurse named ruth crowley. she wrote the column until her death in 1955. after she won a contest, esther lederer assumed the “ann landers” pen name and eventually won the copyright to it.
pauline phillips founded “dear abby” in 1956. a rift between the twins developed when life magazine reported that phillips had offered the column to the sioux city journal at a discounted rate if it agreed not to run “ann landers.” although they publicly reconciled in 1964, it is said the bitter rivalry continued behind closed doors for decades. in 1995, phillips began to suffer from the onset of alzheimer’s disease and her daughter, jeanine, assumed the abigail van buren pen name. “dear abby” has been in publication for more than 50 years and still read daily by more than 110 million people.
lederer was in good health most of her life and wrote “ann landers” until her death in 2002. she chose not to have another writer assume the pen name. jeanine phillips wrote a tribute to “ann landers” in “dear abby” shortly after her passing. lederer’s daughter, margo howard, said the women had not been in contact for years, and she believes phillips just wrote the tribute for money.
howard wrote an advice column of her own called “dear prudence” for several years. currently, she pens “dear margo.”

What you can infer from this passage is that publication of "Ann Landers" ceased in 2002 (D).

Indeed, the text tells us that Esther Lederer, the legal author of "Ann Landers," died in 2002 without passing on the rights to her pen name— which is also the name of her column—to anyone else ("she chose not to have another writer assume the pen name"). Since she did not allow any other writer to use the "Ann Landers" name, we can assume she didn't pass on the column's rights either.

the correct answer is option d. the nature of democracy. on november 19, 1863, president abraham lincoln delivered his famous gettysburg address in gettysburg, pennsylvania. in his speech, rather than focusing on details of the war (soldiers, casualties, aftermath of battle), lincoln invoked the very nature of democracy, that power ultimately comes from the people, when stating, “government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish”. these words mean that democracy is a government by the people (citizens) in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by the people or by their elected representatives for the benefit of all citizens. the survival of democracy in the united states is one of the reasons why this speech so significant today.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)