What are some techniques or guidelines to a good summary?

1. Complete

A summary should include all the ideas that are essential to the author’s thesis.

2. Concise

A summary should be considerably shorter than the passage. Do not include unessential information

(length depends upon the purpose and your use of the summary. It could be one-half, one-third or

one-eighth the length of the original.)

3. Accurate

A summary should represent the author’s ideas. Do not distort the author’s views.

4. Objective

A summary should recapitulate the author’s points. Do not include your objections or criticisms in the

summary.

5. Coherent

A summary should make sense to someone who has not read the original. It should not sound like a

list of loosely-related sentences that have been strung together in paragraph format.

6. Independent

A summary should be written in your own words. Do not take strings of words from the source; do not

*paraphrase.

Difference between paraphrase and summary

*Paraphrase: contains all the information in the source. No part of the original is left out. Writer

rephrases original in his words.

**Summary: contains only the most important information of the original. It does not have to follow

the organization or order of the original. You do not change the meaning of the original.

cavern or cave

i hope this

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)