To Stanley's surprise the Warden was a

moon-letters were a method of writing invented by the dwarves. moon-letters were ordinary runes, but written in such a way that they could only be read when the light of the moon shone behind the writing. some moon-letters could be read by any moonlight, but it was possible to make the writing even more secret. more sophisticated moon-letters could only be read by the light of the same shape of moon, or at the same time of year, as when they were written. hope this !

paine is arguying that they had tried everything before coming to the conclusion that they needed to fight for their freedom.

argument: "every quiet method for peace hath been ineffectual."

claim 1: "our prayers have been rejected with disdain; and only tended to convince us, that nothing flatters vanity, or confirms obstinacy in kings more than repeated petitioning and nothing hath contributed more than that very measure to make the kings of europe absolute."

claim 2: "wherefore, since nothing but blows will do, for god’s sake, let us come to a final separation, and not leave the next generation to be cutting throats, under the violated unmeaning names of parent and child."

may i ask what topic?

the answer is b. the tracer looks harmless in flight, but the pilot’s bitten lips and white knuckles suggest how dangerous it can be.