Especially after a rainstorm, Santa's Little Helper likes to sit in his porch swing and think. is this a fragment

No

This is a complex sentence. The sentence has two parts, a dependence clause and an independent clause. The dependent clause is "Especially after a rainstorm" and the independent clause is "Santa's Little Helper likes to sit in his porch swing and think." If this sentence was only made up of a dependent clause, then it would be a fragment.

as you read the passage below, consider how dana gioia uses

evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.

stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.

explanation:

c hydrophobia is the answer