Simon's teacher gave him a pencil at the end of week because he did so well on the spelling test. As a result, his grades continue to get better each week. This is an example of which of the following?a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Classical conditioning

A). Positive reinforcement.

Explanation:

Reinforcement is demonstrated as the process through which the probability of a particular outcome(desired behavior or response) is strengthened or enhanced.

Positive reinforcement is elucidated as the introduction or addition of a stimulus in the form of rewards, praise, or admiration followed by the desired behavior in order to enhance its probability to reoccur in the future.

In the given example, Simon's teacher offers 'pencil' as a reward that would stimulate the likelihood of 'similar appreciable performance' in the future tests as he has done in the spelling test. Thus, the teacher offering pencil to Simon to enhance the probability of similar behavior(as desired by the teacher) and promote the child to do well in future tests also exemplify the 'positive reinforcement'. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

the correct answer is:

this is an example of the writer telling through description rather than showing through dialogue.

sometimes writers like to explain explicitely what's happening instead of adding dialogues of the situations., which is the case in this passage,