Human Spaceflight

In just 20 years, human exploration into space has made incredible strides.

In 1961, Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human being to travel into space. On April 12 of that year, his Vostok spacecraft orbited the Earth once, then using a parachute that deployed 2.5 km above the planet and guided his re-entry.
The Vostok space craft was a sphere just 2.3 m in diameter with room for just one crew member. The entire mission took only 108 minutes, less than two hours.

Less than a month later, American Alan Shepard became the first American in space. His Mercury space ship entered space but did not orbit the earth. The flight lasted just fifteen minutes, but unlike Gagarin, whose ship was automatically programmed, Shepard navigated the entire voyage.

Twenty years later, the United States launched the first Space Shuttle, a vehicle designed an intended to be reusable for multiple flights. Unlike the early spacecrafts that used parachutes to "splashdown" in the ocean upon reentry, the space shuttle landed much like an airplane on a runway and could be refurbished and sent back into space on subsequent missions.

While the early space missions were measured in terms of minutes spent in space, the space shuttle was capable of staying in orbit for days. The longest flight was achieved by the Columbia Space Shuttle, which made a total of 28 flights, the longest of which was over 17 days.

While the space shuttle program ended in 2011, that does not mean the end of human exploration of space. Since the 1990s several private American companies have developed viable space exploration vehicles, and several organizations are exploring the notion of space tourism, which is not part of the mission of the US government funded program. Joint missions between the United States and countries such as Russia have continued the long tradition of exploring the frontier beyond the earth’s atmosphere.

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Adapt the speech you delivered in lesson 2 to an audience of professionals, teachers, and parents. the audience expects a more formal delivery. your listeners also expect you to use media such as images and audio to make your speech more convincing and easier to understand. your assignment should include the following elements: -at least four sources to back up your ideas -media elements to illustrate your ideas -changes to both the style and content of the speech to make it more appropriate to the audience -citations that follow mla guidelines as you revise your presentation, research and cite at least four sources. at least two of these sources must provide supporting evidence, such as charts and graphs or quotes from newspapers or other credible sources. the other two sources can provide material to grab the audience's attention — for example, photos that your audience visualize what you're talking about or music that sets the mood. you can also create original images, but these will not count as sources. here are some types of media that you may use to either show evidence or move the audience: quotes tables, charts, and graphs images video audio (including music) mix up the types of media you use so that no medium is used more than twice. take care that all your sources contribute to your speech in an obvious way. they should either back up what you're saying or make your ideas easier for your audience to understand logically or emotionally. avoid visual aids that are off topic or confusing. ask yourself these questions as you revise: am i still fulfilling the requirements of the speech i gave in lesson 2? is my speech still about a theme in franklin roosevelt's four freedoms speech? do i connect that theme to my own life and to a current issue? are my sources credible and relevant? will they convince an audience of parents, teachers, and professionals? do my media elements enhance my speech? do they set the mood, explain something difficult, or offer convincing proof? do i avoid media elements that are more distracting than ? did i cite my sources according to mla guidelines? did i check my works-cited page against sample works-cited pages to make sure it's correct?