In the following passage from "The Devil and Tom Walker," what method of
characterization and which literary element help to develop the character of Tom Walker?
"My family will be ruined and brought upon the parish," said the land jobber. "Charity
begins at home," replied Tom; "I must take care of myself in these hard times." "You have
mad so much money out of me," said the speculator. Tom lost his patience and his piety--
"The Devil take me," said he, "if I have made a farthing!

1. direct characterization; description

2. indirect characterization; description

3. direct characterization; dialogue

4. indirect characterization; dialogue