Read the passage below. then answer the question that follows using information and evidence from the text.
may 28, 1830
chapter cxlviii
an act to provide for an exchange of lands with the indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river mississippi.
be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the united states of america, in congress assembled, that it shall and may be lawful for the president of the united states to cause so much of any territory belonging to the united states, west of the river mississippi, not included in any state or organized territory, and to which the indian title has been extinguished, as he may judge necessary, to be divided into a suitable number of districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they now reside, and remove there; and to cause each of said districts to be so described by natural or artificial marks, as to be easily distinguished from every other
what does the phrase indian title has been extinguished describe in the context of the document?
land the native americans had been granted
land that was taken away from native americans
land that was not valuable to the native americans
land that had been organized by the government

The answer is B: Land that was taken away from Native Americans.

 The phrase "Indian title has been extinguished" describes the Native American's loss of their lands by the Indian Removal Act, which was signed by the president Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with the Native tribes their removal to federal territory, which they resisted, but were forcibly removed.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)