The Muscular System
Each muscle pulls on a joint and moves the bones in a different way depending on the type of
joint. The pull of a muscle occurs when the muscle contracts, or becomes shorter and tighter.
Often, muscles work in pairs so that one muscle relaxes while the other one contracts. For
example, when the muscle at the front of the upper arm contracts, the muscle at the back of that
arm relaxes so that the arm can bend at the elbow. To straighten the arm back out, the muscle at
the back of the upper arm contracts, and the muscle at the front of the arm relaxes. Muscles also
help move food through the digestive system, fill and empty the lungs, and rotate the eyes.
1. Which sentence best introduces the ideas in the paragraph?
A. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, and it helps keep blood flowing throughout the
body.
B. Smooth muscle lines many organs, such as the stomach and intestinal tract, and helps
these organs move fluids and solids through the body.
C. The human body has more than 650 tough, elastic pieces of tissue called muscle that work
with bones and joints to allow us to move.
D. There is no specific type of doctor who treats diseases and disorders related to muscles.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)