Ricardo read this excerpt from A Black Hole Is NOT a Hole by Carolyn Cinami DeCristofano.

Discoveries of black holes exploded in the late 1900s and early 2000s. What scientists found reads like a cast of characters for a mixed-up fairy tale. First they discovered the small ("Baby Bear") black holes, then the giant "Papas." But where were the medium "Mama Bear" black holes? It just didn't make sense that there would be smalls and larges but no mediums. Astronomers began the search, and found them. There's just one size that still hasn't been found, even though it has been predicted. The tiniest of all, the "Tom Thumbs" of the black-hole world, have yet to be discovered—if they even exist.

After reading the excerpt, Ricardo made a text-to-text connection. Which example is a text-to-text connection?

Ricardo had read a children’s story with a character named “Tom Thumb,” so he understood the author’s description of the “tiniest” black holes.
Ricardo had watched a video about big discoveries in space, so he had some background information on the subject of the excerpt.
While reading the excerpt, Ricardo remembered playing a game when he was a child that had a “Papa Bear,” “Mama Bear,” and “Baby Bear.”
While reading the excerpt, Ricardo remembered hearing about black holes in school, and it made him interested to learn more.

Which type of appeal does president lincoln use in these lines to try to persuade southerners

Read this passage: many manufacturers prefer plastic as a material for containers because it can be molded into many shapes. but plastic is not very strong. it must be fused with glass or steel for strength. it is also not very durable. even the strongest plastic can break under enough pressure. the biggest disadvantage to using plastic is that it does not decompose. while plastic can be recycled, doing so is tedious and difficult. while it may be more expensive and difficult to work with, aluminum is a much stronger building material with far greater tensile strength. it conducts electricity because it is metal. best of all, aluminum is very easy to recycle. even if it is thrown away, it decomposes much more quickly than most manufacturing materials. how does the compare-and-contrast organizational pattern of the passage support the author's purpose? a. the passage gradually leads up to the point about decomposition to inform the reader about the importance of recycling plastics. b. the passage lists the advantages and disadvantages of each material to make a case for the use of plastic and not aluminum in containers. c. the passage begins with a description of plastic's problems in order to call attention to the good qualities of aluminum. d. the passage shows the superiority of aluminum in order to make a case for the production of stronger plastics.

Ipronounced his name, offering him at the same time my hand: he took it, smiling and saying, “we shall do very well by-and-by.” then he laid me down, and addressing bessie, charged her to be very careful that i was not disturbed during the night. having given some further directions, and intimates that he should call again the next day, he departed; to my grief: i felt so sheltered and befriended while he sat in the chair near my pillow… (chapter 3) this passage, in which jane first meets the doctor, is an example of