How does this excerpt exemplify a personal narrative?

In a short story the narrator's word choice

In the communication breakdown section, michael b. green learned that "a red rag" or a had nothing to do with the internal makeup of the person who was wearing it.

"as joseph sat in history class, he was aware that the teacher was talking, but instead of paying attention, he doodled in his notebook." this is an example of a. listening b. hearing c. talking d. understanding