A 45-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department at 2 AM with vomiting and abdominal pain. He had a 2-week history of polyuria and polydipsia, accompanied by a 9 kg weight loss and blurred vision. His medical history was unremarkable, except for being treated for hypertension with amlodipine 10 mg daily, which provided good control. (His blood pressure on admission was 135/80.)
Results of hospital laboratory studies revealed that the patient's initial blood glucose level was 350 mg/dL. The patient reported no family history of diabetes. His father died at age 35 of renal failure.
Laboratory Studies:
15 May 2020 Reference range
Glucose mg/dL 350 80 - 120 mg/dL
Sodium mEq/L 140 135 - 145 mEq/L
Potassium mEq/L 4.0 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.9 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
BUN 12 6 - 20 mg/dL
PH 7.37 7.35 – 7.45
HbA1c 10.4% < 6%
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 143 < 200 mg/dL
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) 83 < 130 mg/dL
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) 45 ≥ 40mg/dL
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 74 < 200 mg/dL

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5) What clinical decision or interventions help to achieve the outcomes? And why are you considering these interventions? (5 points)
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