Which of the following is an example of indirect characterization?

a. joe was a lazy, good-for-nothing farmer without a penny to his name.
b. joe wouldn’t life a finger to his neighbor if you paid him.
c. joe was a poor, sorry excuse for a farmer.
d. joe pulled the brim of his hat low over his eyes as he settled back against the tree. he looked out over his fields. “that plowing can wait a day or two,” he thought, and closed his eyes for a midday nap.