What rules of inference are used in this argument? "Noman is an island. Manhattan is an island. Therefore, Man-hattan is not a man."

The rules of inference are;

1. Universal Instantiation

2. Double negation law, or forming the Contra-positive and

3. Modulus tollens

Explanation:

In universal instantiation, an inference is made of the truth of each member of a class, and this is then used to establish the truth about a particular member off the class. For all of a class q, if the class q, is a girl, then the class q, is not a boy. Applying it to the example, If Manhattan is a man, then Manhattan is not an Island.  We now form the contra-positive thus; If Manhattan is an island, then Manhattan is not a man.

Modus tollens is then applied in the last sentence to show that the conditional statement was accepted, the consequent statement was not true, and so the negative of the antecedent can be inferred. So, we conclude that Manhattan is not a man.

from the political point of view it could be said that the candidate   is an effective speaker because she takes a strong position on the issue. it is an open discussion but probably she is making a presentation and can choose which subjects she wants to address. she is very likely to attain her aim which is to convince voters to accept her proposal.

answer: a mother fears that the poor lighting poses a danger to the children who play there.