Which phrase is the definition of the word fortuitous?
when she suddenly remembered her science test, astrid realized that her coach's decision to cancel the soccer game had been a fortuitous one for her after all.
a. an advantageous outcome
b. a lesser priority
c. a confusing dilemma
d. an ongoing challenge
which definition of abstract is used in this sentence?
jillian's plan for her career as an adult was still abstract since she concerned herself with friends and family instead.
a. apart from actual reality
b. a summary of a document
c. to take away or remove
d. difficult to understand

I would think that number 1  is A, we see that Astrid is lucky that she doesn't have to play so she can study and focus on her science test.

The answer to the first part of the question is A: an advantageous outcome.

The word fortuitous means: fortunate, lucky, providential, happy. It is usually related to destiny or fate, but also it is related to randomness, so that, combined, it is a providential and felicitous occurrence.

The answer to the second part of the question is A: apart from actual reality.

The word abstract most commonly and accurately refers to an idea of a general, speculative and not concrete nature. In the sentence above, it is used, in a precise way, to differentiate what is actual, concrete and ongoing in Jillian´s life (family and friends), from what is still unforeseeable and speculative (her future).  

in this text, paine use the word “ye” several times in order to  capture  the  attention of the colonists who   haven't understand the   importance and urgency of his cause. the word "ye" that is the plural of   "thou" is used to call the colonists attention and make the fight for the cause.