How does Bierce play with the reader's expectations in the third section?

One way that the novel differs from earlier literary works is that novelists often leave out many details associated with the setting novels only portray positive aspects of heroes and other important figures characters' personalities in novels are only revealed through dialogue readers are often able to relate better to the characters in novels

In this excerpt from "dover beach" by matthew arnold, which two lines or sets of lines suggest that the speaker has undergone a loss of faith? the sea of faith was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. but now i only hear its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, retreating, to the breath of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear and naked shingles of the world. ah, love, let us be true to one another! for the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor for pain; and we are here as on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night.

Asking questions from a text while reading with what?