What was the purpose for Bruno Mars making "treasure"

The author attributes papa's unforgivable behavior to which of the following? a. the painful memories connected with his 9-month ordeal in south dakota b. papa's increasing addiction to alcohol c. papa's unfulfilled need to be in charge of something and/or someone d. mama's emotional distance from papa

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?

The tone of a story is the author's attitude toward the subject. provide two examples that support the conclusion that the tone of this story is ironic.