Part A: Which TWO of the following phrases best describe a central idea of the text? - The South African government created the policy of apartheid to ensure that white
citizens could maintain power and control over black and Asian citizens.

- The African National Congress was created to rebel against the racist policies of the
white government in Pretoria.

- Desmond Tutu was an outspoken critic of apartheid who helped to lobby for the
release of Nelson Mandela from prison.

- The government in Pretoria failed to recognize the power of activists who criticized
the land redistribution policy.

- The protests of South Africans against the violence and racism of the government
combined with international pressure to cause the end of apartheid.

- The discovery of gold and diamonds in the mines of South Africa led to a period of
intense settlement and colonization.