What does a analysis paragraph have to have?

Someone answer soon i need it for this test! select the correct text in the passage.which line in this excerpt uses the logical fallacy of ad hominem?

Is the sentence “ironically, although approximately seventy-one percent of the earth is covered by water, thirty-three percent of its land area is desert.” a phrase or a clause?

Read the excerpt from a history of the world in 100 objects. power is usually not willingly given, but forcefully taken; and in both europe and america the nineteenth century was punctuated by political protest, with periodic revolutions on the continent, the civil war in america and, in britain, a steady struggle to widen the suffrage. what would be a benefit of reading this text rather than listening to an audio version of it? the reader could analyze the text features in the excerpt. the reader could visualize the description given. the reader could set his or her own pace and reread parts for clarity. the reader could hear the sounds of the political protest.