What is propaganda and persuasion in ART, and what are some differences between them?

Propaganda is a form of careful, organized communication with the intent of the communicator, called a propagandist, to influence a person or group of persons to think or behave differently or to reinforce pre-existing thoughts or behaviors. Primarily, the thought or behavior needs to be advantageous or of some benefit to the propagandist directly or indirectly. It has three forms; black, gray and white propaganda. Black propaganda is when the information being spread is made of lies or fabrications, or when the source of the information is concealed. Gray propaganda is when the source or the truth of the information is ambiguous. Lastly, white propaganda is when both the source and the information itself are verifiable.

Persuasion is a form of communication also meant to influence a person or group to change their minds, behaviors or attitudes, or just to consider a different point of view. According to Aristotle’s famous Rhetoric, persuasion has three forms or modes, ethos, logos and pathos. Ethos is persuasion based on the credibility and trustworthiness of the speaker and the information, logos is persuasion based on logic and reason and pathos is persuasion based on emotion. In the broader perspective, propaganda is a form of persuasion as many propaganda use all three aforementioned forms of persuasion.

Definition

Propaganda is careful and organized spread of information or ideas meant to influence a person or group of persons to think or act in a way that is beneficial mainly to the source of information, called the propagandist. Persuasion is any communication meant to influence people to think or act in one way or another.

Forms

Propaganda has three forms; black propaganda where source and veracity of information is concealed and the information itself is fabricated, gray propaganda where the source and truth of information are ambiguous, and white propaganda where both the source and truth of the information is verifiable. Persuasion has three main forms; ethos or persuasion by credibility and trustworthiness of the information and its source, logos or persuasion by use of logic and reasoning, and pathos or persuasion by appealing to emotion.

Flow of information

In propaganda, the flow of information is controlled by the source, or the propagandist. In persuasion, information flows freely between persuader and persuadee.

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