Personal experiences, family, and culture
a. rarely shape a writer’s work.
b. are the only influences for a writer.
c. are a writer’s most important influences.
d all can have an effect on a writer.

D. All can have an effect on a writer.

Explanation:

It would be impossible to pinpoint the exact degree of influence that these factors may have on different writers; however, it is unmistakably the case that all writers are influenced to some degree by these three factors, and, without them being necessarily the most influential of factors in a writer´s creative process (one could think of other factors, such as personal aspirations or economic motivations), they are certainly almost always present in a writer´s work. .

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explanation: