What is the "active principle" of the clan's potent war-medicine

It was generally agreed that an old woman with one leg was the active principle in the town's most potent war-medicine. The medicine, called agadi-nwayi (or « old woman ») « had its shrine in the centre of Umuofia, in a cleared spot.

byron utilizes literary techniques to emphisize the illustration of the woman in the poem “she walks in beauty”.

for instance, he uses alliteration to use repetitive consonant sounds when he is writing a word at the beginning of a phrase. he uses personification to give personality to a thing or action. he uses imagery when he is describing the woman. we also can find metaphors to better compare a moment.

these techniques add to the reader’s experience of beauty when the author describes the woman physical beauty and the purity of her mind, using imagery.  

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d. therefore pilots wisely train these cubs by various strategic tricks to look danger in the face a little more calmly.

c or d they are the same