In which excerpt from holes does the author develop the character of stanley through what he thinks?
a. stanley was sitting about ten rows back, handcuffed to his armrest. his backpack lay on the seat next to him.
b. he smiled. it was a family joke. whenever anything went wrong, they always blamed stanley's no-good-dirty-rotten-pig-stealing-g reat-great-grandfather.
c. he didn't have any friends at home. he was overweight and the kids at his middle school often teased him about his size
d. stanley looked out across the vast wasteland. the air seemed thick with heat and dirt. “not much,” he said, then hastily added, “mr. sir.”