Which statement best explains the fallacy in the argument?
They perfectly understood the meaning of the language
they used, and how it would be understood by others; and
they knew that it would not in any part of the civilized
world be supposed to embrace the negro race, which, by
common consent, had been excluded from civilized
Governments and the family of nations, and doomed to
slavery.
-Dred Scott v. Sandford,
Supreme Court of the United States
O Taney is quick to assume that the writers of the US
Constitution excluded African Americans born in the
country from citizenship.
O Taney unfairly appeals to human emotion by
creating a sense of hopelessness for enslaved
persons during the time of the case.
O Because the Constitution does not explicitly
exclude African Americans from citizenship, Taney
is begging the claim.
O The men who wrote the Constitution made a
mistake in not writing about the position of enslaved
people within the nation.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

what is the question ?