Read the passage. The thought of Plato, of Aristotle, and of the heroes of modern philosophy is ever proving anew its fructifying power. Nowhere do we find
such instructive errors as in the sphere of philosophy; nowhere is the new so essentially a completion and development of the old, even though it
deem itself the whole and assume a hostile attitude toward its predecessors; nowhere is the inquiry so much more important than the final result;
nowhere the categories "true and false" so inadequate. The spirit of the time and the spirit of the people, the individuality of the thinker,
disposition, will, fancy - all these exert a far stronger influence on the development of philosophy, both by way of promotion and by way of
hindrance, than in any other department of thought. If a system gives classical expression to the thought of an epoch, a nation, or a great
personality, if it seeks to attack the world-riddle from a new direction, or brings us nearer its solution by important original conceptions, by a subtler
or a simpler comprehension of the problem, by a wider outlook or a deeper insight; it has accomplished more than it could have done by bringing
forward a number of indisputably correct principles.
(from History of Modern Philosophy by Richard Falckenberg)
Which device does the author use throughout the passage?
O 1. parallelism
2. rhetorical question
O 3. paradox
4. simile

1. parallelism

Explanation:

The device the author uses throughout the passage is parallelism.

Parallelism is known to be the positioning of two or more phrases or clauses in such a way that they have the same grammatical function in a sentence. This device helps to make writing effective and enjoyable when reading.

From the given passage, we will see that the author employed parallelism. We see parallelism in the following lines of the passage:

Nowhere do we find  such instructive errors as in the sphere of philosophy; nowhere is the new so essentially a completion and development of the old, even though it  deem itself the whole and assume a hostile attitude toward its predecessors; nowhere is the inquiry so much more important than the final result;  nowhere the categories "true and false" so inadequate.

From the above, we see that after a semicolon, the author maintains a structure using nowhere.

Also, we see parallelism in the following as well:

The spirit of the time and the spirit of the people, the individuality of the thinker,  disposition, will, fancy - all these exert a far stronger influence on the development of philosophy, both by way of promotion and by way of  hindrance, than in any other department of thought.

and in

If a system gives classical expression to the thought of an epoch, a nation, or a great  personality, if it seeks to attack the world-riddle from a new direction, or brings us nearer its solution by important original conceptions, by a subtler  or a simpler comprehension of the problem, by a wider outlook or a deeper insight; it has accomplished more than it could have done by bringing  forward a number of indisputably correct principles.

Hence, we see that parallelism is used throughout the passage.

answer; /// the correct answer to the above statement is (a) because of the decline on native american labor forces;

c. spelling errors, if not i am so sorry. but i hope it !