Foil means to:
a. typify
b. process
c. measure
d. prevent

Prevent

Explanation:

Like to foil a plan

#1  sara was always tasked with selecting birthday presents for her friends and family because everyone admired her  impeccable taste. 

impeccable (adj): perfect, flawless

#2  they moved to the united states many years ago, but their  insular  attitudes made it difficult for them to socialize. 

insular (adj): isolated; separate

#3  the professor explained the  semantic  relationship between the two nouns used in the sentence. 

semantic (adj): related to words or the meanings of words 

happy to : )

an great real life example for the lottery principle is the real life lottery itself. it adheres to the lottery principle so much it's even called lottery. you apply for the lottery in the manner of getting a ticket and if you are lucky, the goods are distributed to you, in this case, the huge amounts of money. there are other real life example but this is the best one.