1. Know your audience. All aspects of the joke you tell, from the content to the length, need to be suited to your audience. What's funny to a group of 20-year-old college students may be very different from what makes your 70-year old-uncle laugh (then again, maybe not).
Everyone's an individual, so there are no hard and fast rules. But, unless you personally know the members of your audience, here are some good rules of thumb to follow: elderly people won't like crude jokes; stay away from misogynist jokes if you've got an audience full of women; people of a specific ethnic or racial group won't enjoy jokes making fun of their group; and jokes requiring specialized knowledge (of, for example, science or old movies) will only be appreciated by people who possess that knowledge.
The more you know about your audience the better you'll be able to tailor your jokes to them.
2. Choose great material. You can find fodder lots of places—from your life, joke files online, by repurposing jokes you've heard in the past, and so on.
You may want to start your own joke file. You can write your jokes down on index cards to keep them handy or use a document file on your computer.[1] The latter option may allow for easier revision.
3. Decide on a target. Every joke has a “target,” which is what the joke is about. It's important that the joke's target (the most basic element of your material) be suited to your audience. Make sure it's a target your audience will be interested in and something they're likely willing to laugh at.[2]
For example, husbands are likely to laugh at jokes about wives and vice versa; students will typically find jokes about school and teachers humorous.
4. Have a realistic but exaggerated setup. The opening of the joke—or setup—should have a basis in the real world so your audience can relate to it, but it should also include exaggeration because this is what gives a joke its humorous edge.[3]
Think of the setup as the foundation of a story. It's a fundamental part of the joke; if you don't lay a good foundation here, then the punchline won't make sense to the audience or they won't find it humorous.
Your setup needs to be both realistic and exaggerated in order to be funny—it's placing these two incongruous elements side by side that makes the joke funny.[4]
The exaggeration can be slight or considerable—it just depends on the individual joke.
5. Surprise with the punchline. The ending of the joke is obviously crucial. This is where the payoff comes in, what makes the joke succeed or fail. If you want to make the audience laugh, your punchline needs to be surprising.
Some jokes also have what is called a tag or topper, which is an additional punchline. The tag builds on the original punchline or twists back on it in a surprising way.
6. Make the joke your own. Lots of jokes rehash the same ground and sometimes they retell a story countless other jokes have told. For your joke to be funny, it has to surprise the audience in some way, which means it has to seem original or new.
One way to personalize a joke is to change the ending.
Another option is to dress the joke up as a story about your own life. This will make a familiar joke unrecognizable. It may also make it particularly interesting if your audience is your friend(s).
7. Know your material. Practicing your joke is crucial. You don't need to have it completely memorized—in fact, you shouldn't memorize it—but you need to be really comfortable with it, so comfortable that you can continue on with telling it even if you get nervous or sidetracked, which is very possible once you're in front of an audience.
Memorized jokes sound wooden, like they are being read off a script instead of relayed by a friend or entertainer.
Good jokes have a lot of details and personality, so don't be afraid to embellish. Try different things out and see what feels right, what sounds best. Don't use a joke until you're completely comfortable with it.
Try recording your joke on a tape player and playing it back to yourself. If you hear a lot of awkward pauses or “ah”s or “um”s, your joke isn't ready and you need to practice more. You can also try practicing in front of a sympathetic friend or family member once you're ready for a “real” audience.
