Approximately five to six hundred Italians had definitely left San Francisco due to this tragic event, while over six thousand new immigrants arrived and helped the survivors clear the ruins. Seven hundred building permits were granted to North Beach Italian residents and businessmen to expedite the construction of the Colony. Several real estate firms, such as the J. Cuneo Company in North Beach, demonstrated their confidence in the determination of the Italians by investing $400,000 in the reconstruction of apartments, stores, flats, and business offices." This passage includes many examples of what rhetorical appeal?

ethos

logos

emotion

pathos