PART A: How does Dog view his life?

In the eye are light receptors called cones and rods.Turns out, dogs have fewer cone receptors than humans — which means they can't see as many colors. Human cones can detect 3 colors: red, green, and blue. Dog cones can only detect 2 colors.

Explanation:

However, because their retinas' contain only about one-tenth the concentration of cones (that humans have), dogs do not see colors as humans do. Dogs see like a color-blind human. ... Seeing-eye dogs, for example, may not distinguish between a green or red stoplight; they look at the brightness and position of the light.

reasoning from several particular examples to establish a general principle

this is hard!