Which answer adds a participial phrase to this sentence?
before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace.
a before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace dangling from her shoe. b before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace with grace. c before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace and fell on the ground. d before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace in front of the crowd.

A Before the buzzer, the runner tripped on a shoelace dangling from her shoe.

A participial phrase is a verb phrase that functions as an adjective and modifies a noun or a pronoun. The participial phrase is "dangling from her shoe". It uses the verb "dangling" and describes the shoelace which is a noun. Option B adds a prepositional phrase. Option C adds another main action verb. Option D adds a prepositional phrase.

nambe vazhkaile elam nala irukum

one context clue that me find the meaning of luxuriance was that the base word of luxuriance is luxury, so i think that luxuriance means something that is luxury, or something luxurious.