What theme does the following excerpt from franz kafka's the metamorphosis deal with?

a. the loneliness of human life
b. the closeness between family members
c. the absurdity of contemporary life
d. the difficulty of making a living wage

A. The loneliness of human life.
Reasoning: The main character in The Metamorphosis struggles on his own to get out of bed as an insect, which could represent how sometimes individuals feel so miniscule in the world, and refuses anyone to see him in his state. The character's fear of somebody finding out about his condition, especially his family, shows the division between individuals and the rest of society, which is a sort of definition of isolation in itself.