Which of the following correctly summarizes the main point of this text from the excerpt?

were there not even these inducements to moderation, nothing could be more ill-judged than that intolerant spirit which has, at all times, characterized political parties.

without these calls for moderation, we would be at the mercy of intolerant political parties.
in the big picture, politics have earned a much-deserved bad reputation for disagreement.
maintaining the current attitudes for negotiation will only get us so far.
suggesting reformers be fair will be as successful as suggesting politicians get along.

1) Without these calls for moderation, we would be at the mercy of intolerant political parties.

The excerpt is taken from an essay of the Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, Federalist Papers. Although the passage isn't stated in a simple and more practical way, Hamilton's main point is to highlight that certain calls for moderation to the political parties are necessary. Without them, we'd be at the mercy of "that intolerant spirit which has, at all times, characterized political parties", referring to the vicious traits of abusive powers such as ambition, avarice, hostility, selfishness, among others.

the answer is:

b) to show the progression of inventions that took place in the bicycling industry.

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