Most americans are familiar with the mushrooms they eat on a pizza or in a salad. but beyond that, most people know very little about this popular fungus. more than 3,000 different types of mushrooms are grown around the world. some mushrooms are less than an inch high, while others are more than 15 inches tall. they have strange names like shiitake, portobello and black trumpet. until world war ii, most mushrooms were grown in asia, where they were used in soups and vegetable dishes. but today, the united states is the world’s largest supplier of mushrooms. from 1986 to 1999, worldwide mushroom production grew from 470 million pounds to 860 million pounds.
what is this paragraph’s implied main idea?

a. before world war ii, most mushrooms were grown in asia.

b. mushrooms are good for one’s health.

c. many americans do not know much about mushrooms.

d. all mushrooms have strange names.

the answer is nurse.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)