Ascientist noticed that a dark-colored peppered moth is more visible on a light-colored background than a light-colored peppered moth. he wonders, “does this difference in visibility affect the survival rate of dark moths? ” which part of the scientific method does he need to carry out next

the pronoun reference replaces a noun, but you have to make sure there's no room for confusion.

in the first sentence "her" could be referring to shely or to the sister. the answer there is "shelly called her sister and told her about the new baby."

in the second sentence "it" could be referring to the roof or the floor. the answer there is "since the roof leaks on the family room floor, we need to repair the roof."

the underlined phrase is an example of : understatment