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read the passage.

excerpt from “the fundamental principle of a republic” by anna howard shaw, june 21, 1915

anna howard shaw delivered this speech in ogdenburg, new york, for the purpose of persuading men to vote for women’s right to vote.

now one of two things is true: either a republic is a desirable form of government, or else it is not. if it is, then we should have it, if it is not then we ought not to pretend that we have it. we ought at least be true to our ideals, and the men of new york have for the first time in their lives, the rare opportunity on the second day of next november, of making the state truly a part of the republic. it is the greatest opportunity which has ever come to the men of the state. they have never had so serious a problem to solve before, they will never have a more serious problem to solve in any future of our nation's life, and the thing that disturbs me more than anything else in connection with it is that so few people realize what a profound problem they have to solve on november 2. it is not merely a trifling matter; it is not a little thing that does not concern the state, it is the most vital problem we could have, and any man who goes to the polls on the second day of next november without thoroughly informing himself in regard to this subject is unworthy to be a citizen of this state, and unfit to cast a ballot.

how does the speaker’s use of rhetoric in this excerpt advance her purpose to convince men to vote for a woman’s right to vote?

a. it conveys the idea that a republic does not exist if women do not vote, so men wishing to live in a republic should support women voting.

b. it exaggerates the idea that allowing women to vote would be the greatest achievement men living in a republic could accomplish.

c. it rejects the idea that citizenship should be granted to men living in a republic in which women do not have the right to vote.

d. it suggests the idea that to deny women the vote would result in dire consequences, so men wishing to avoid problems should support women voting.