If any one can i have no problem giving out points
read the following passage from "lifeboat ethics," by garrett hardin.

adrift in a moral sea
so here we sit, say 50 people in our lifeboat. to be generous, let us assume it has room for 10 more, making a total capacity of 60. suppose the 50 of us in the lifeboat see 100 others swimming in the water outside, begging for admission to our boat or for handouts. we have several options: we may be tempted to try to live by the christian ideal of being "our brother's keeper," or by the marxist ideal of "to each according to his needs." since the needs of all in the water are the same, and since they can all be seen as "our brothers," we could take them all into our boat, making a total of 150 in a boat designed for 60. the boat swamps, everyone drowns. complete justice, complete catastrophe.

since the boat has an unused excess capacity of 10 more passengers, we could admit just 10 more to it. but which 10 do we let in? how do we choose? do we pick the best 10, "first come, first served"? and what do we say to the 90 we exclude? if we do let an extra 10 into our lifeboat, we will have lost our "safety factor," an engineering principle of critical importance. for example, if we don't leave room for excess capacity as a safety factor in our country's agriculture, a new plant disease or a bad change in the weather could have disastrous consequences.

suppose we decide to preserve our small safety factor and admit no more to the lifeboat. our survival is then possible although we shall have to be constantly on guard against boarding parties. .

the harsh ethics of the lifeboat become harsher when we consider the reproductive differences between rich and poor.

why does the author of "lifeboat ethics" choose to begin his essay with this lifeboat metaphor?

a. he wants to anger the reader into taking action on the issue he discusses.
b. he wants to create an emotional connection between the reader and his argument.
c. he wants to demonstrate how many poor nations are looking for aid.
d. he wants to teach the reader about the cycle of poverty.