What is the topic of this complex sentence?
after they had enjoyed fair winds and weather for a season, they were encountered many times with crosswinds, and met with many fierce storms, with which the ship was shrewdly shaken, and her upper works made very leaky; . .
a. the native americans and their ability to adapt to changing seasons
b. the mayflower sailors and their ways of predicting the weather at sea
c. the pilgrim leaders and their prayers for a safe journey across the atlantic
d. the pilgrims and the harsh weather they faced during their crossing

Read this excerpt from "we shall overcome." hundreds of thousands of people sang them. but sometimes, it was one lone person with a guitar. they sang in segregated bus stations, picket lines, freedom marches, concert stadiums, city squares, and videos. when injustice of oppression threatens, people sing protest songs to proclaim their resistance, publicize their cause, and encourage hope for a better future, based on this excerpt as an introductory paragraph, which of the following would you expect to read about in the article? different groups of people who were oppressed the ways that music brings diverse groups of people together similarities between historical movements that provided rights for groups of people different song styles throughout specific historical events

According to stephen hawking in the "origin of the universe" lecture, "why are we here" and "where did we come from" are questions that

1. saved aronnax from drowning "an incident" 2. speed of the nautilus man-of-war 3. next to captain nemo conseil 4. electricity vigo bay 5. "a coral tomb" 20,000 leagues 6. the nautilus runs aground nemo's "thunderbolt" 7. episodes are connected by aronnax's quarters 8. captain nemo's "bank" cause 9. distance aronnax traveled on the nautilus "a fine death for a sailor" 10. captain nemo sinks for revenge 50 miles per hour