But does everyone on earth have an equal right to an equal share of its resources? the spaceship metaphor can be dangerous when used by misguided idealists to justify suicidal policies for sharing our resources through uncontrolled immigration and foreign aid. in their enthusiastic but unrealistic generosity, they confuse the ethics of a spaceship with those of a lifeboat. garrett hardin, "lifeboat ethics: the case against the poor"

which word does the author use to show that he believes the spaceship metaphor is incorrect?

a. misguided
b. share
c. generosity
d. equal

A misguided. It is the only one that makes any sense.

Refute it, showing why it is mistaken—an apparent but not real problem; acknowledge its validity or plausibility, but suggest why on balance it's relatively less important or less likely than what you propose, and thus doesn't overturn it; concede its force and complicate your idea accordingly—restate your thesis in a more exact, qualified, or nuanced way that takes account of the objection, or start a new section in which you consider your topic in light of it. this will work if the counterargument concerns only an aspect of your argument; if it undermines your whole case, you need a new thesis.