Identify the sentence in which the underlined clause is an object of a preposition. a. as a courtesy, most ships usually fly the national flag of whichever country they are visiting. b. specific guidelines often govern how flags should be displayed on ships.
c. an ensign is what the national flag is called on the rear of a ship. d. whichever national flag is flown at the front of a ship is called the jack.

Your answer is A: "As a courtesy, most ships usually fly the national flag of whichever country they are visiting". In order to identify the complements a verb selects, you should take into account verb patters.

First of all, you identify the main verb. In this case, it is the verb "to fly" in its transitive form (somebody flies something). The NP "most ships" functions as the subject of the sentence and "the national flag of whichever country they are visiting" is the D.O (direct object). The IP "whichever country they are visiting" is a subordinate clause which functions as the object of the PP (prepositional phrase) "of".

the answer is a hoped this

the purpose of the heading in the passage is to identify who is telling the story.

this excerpt is part of the book sugar changed the world (2010) written by marc aronson and marina budhos. as the book has been written by two people, the heading "marc" indicates that this specific excerpt is being narrated by aronson. in the fragment, marc describes his grandfather's story after hearing it from his cousin. however, there are other excerpts where budhos is the one that tells the story of her family.

aronson and budhos, who are husband and wife in real life, decided to write sugar changed the world when they found out how sugar, which had an important role in slavery and economy, changed their ancestors' lives.