All surviving family members have experienced the devastations of war. is the participle in this sentence present, past, or perfect?

explanation:

if you’re a fan of chocolate, every occasion is right for this treat. feeling down? eat some chocolate. celebrating? eat some more. want to show your valentine how special you think your sweetheart is? offer up chocolate!   people have been enjoying chocolate as a food, drink and medicine for thousands of years. the ancient maya and aztecs called chocolate kakaw and used it as medicine. they also made chocolate offerings to their gods. chocolate comes from the cacao (kuh-kow) tree, and its scientific name reflects its history. theobroma cacao translates to “cacao, food of the gods.” these days, chocolate is not just for deities. the treat has become popular around the world.

d becuase khgfdwhat effect does the word head have on the meaning of this passage?

a. it demonstrates how intelligent he was.

b. it shows he was a favorite of the teachers.

c. it indicates he would be a good preacher.

d. it reveals how self-important he was.

how does the choice of the word head contribute to the passage’s tone?

a. it offers a sense of entitlement.