Read the passage from the war of the worlds. there were really, i should think, two or three hundred people elbowing and jostling one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active.
in this passage, the author uses humor to comment on the
foolishness of people.
cleverness of the aliens.
necessity of community.
importance of journalism.

The correct answer is: the foolishness of people.

Indeed, the passage is an example of dramatic irony. The narrator is describing a very disorderly crowd of very curious onlookers.  The context is chapter four of the novel, which preceded the initial deadly attack of the Martians against humans.

The physical movement of “elbowing and jostling” one another foreshadows the very near attack that will soon commence. In this instance, such movement is one of a curious crowd that impatiently tries to get a better look at the cylinder. In the next instance it will be the movement of a crowd in panic, that runs frantically away from the heat ray that obliterates everything in its past.

The reason the author uses such dramatic irony is that the reader knows something the characters ignore.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)