Read the following excerpt from an intercalary chapter from a novel about a group of modern-day mountain climbers struggling to achieve a goal despite personal differences:

when ernest shackleton led his party toward the south pole in 1909, they could have made it. they had enough food and fuel. they could have been first. but they wouldn't have made it back. and he knew it, so he let go of that dream and focused instead on getting his men home alive. by including this intercalary chapter, what effect is the author most likely attempting to achieve?
a. the author wants to provide commentary, separate from the narrative, that illustrates an individual experience with mountain climbing.

b. the author wants to carry the theme of perseverance beyond the scope of the narrative by illustrating it to readers in a separate setting.

c. the author wants to break from the narrative flow of the mountain climbers' story to provide relevant background information.

d. the author wants to give readers a better understanding of the history of exploration and the events that led to present circumstances.

B. The author wants to carry the theme of perseverance beyond the scope of the narrative by illustrating it to readers in a separate setting.

Explanation:

This is most likely the author's purpose in using this commentary. The story of the modern-day mountain climbers is probably very related to the idea of perseverance, as this is a value that mountain climbers most likely have to have in order to succeed. Therefore, it is likely that the author wants to carry the theme of perseverance beyond the scope of the narrative by illustrating it to readers in a separate setting.

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animal farm, written by george orwell, is a representation of russia after the revolution that led stalin to take over power.

in this excerpt, the central idea seems to be that the animals (a representation of society), when they believe to be working for a greater good and equality, are obedient and productive. they were convinced that, after expelling the owner (jones) from the farm, they would live in harmony and be fairly treated.

as we know, the pigs become the leaders and grow more selfish and dictatorial with time. in the end, they look and act in a way so similar to humans that it is impossible to tell the difference. the ideals of equality are shattered, and the farm turns out to be worse than it was before. the animals are manipulated with false propaganda and forced to work in order to enrich the pigs.