Which sentence is an example of direct characterization?

jake and sam shouldered the next pair of fifty-pound food packs and began another long trudge up the hill.

"oh, this is just swell," jake said, covering his ears to block out the sound.

jake had a short fuse when he was under stress, and this entire adventure was not bringing out the best side of his personality.

of course, staking a claim and striking it enormously rich on klondike gold had seemed like a wonderful idea last summer.

Which is the main claim in "say no to library cuts"? a. the most important effects of the library cuts will not be limited to children, senior citizens, or other specific groups. b. the budget cuts at the library also mean the end of the children's story hour. c. according to library director sarah tomlinson, whom i interviewed on may 6, the budget cuts will force the library to discontinue many popular programs and services. d. the funding of the public library should be protected because the library offers important programs and services that benefit the whole community.