Read the excerpt from chapter 3 of the wheels of change.
taken together, these floor-length petticoats and the dress that covers them could weigh 25 pound-even more when the unfortunate woman got caught in a rainstorm. plus they were unsanitary. during a causal stroll, an unsuspecting fashion plate could pick up cigar ends, cigarette butts, discarded food, tiny insects, and animal droppings as her clothing swept the ground.

which best characterizes the effect of the floor-length petticoats?
a. short-term effect: they women move more easily.
b. long-term effect: they became popular as athletic wear.
c. short-term effect: they picked up debris on the street.
d. long-term effect: they easily became dirty in daily life.

read this excerpt from leah missbach day's foreword to wheel of charge.
freedom comes in many ways forms. for mary lewanika, a bicycle provides freedom from social oppression. a bicycle can cultivate independence. in wheels of change, sue macy quotes ellen b. parkhurst in washington's evening times, "a girl who rides a wheel is lifted out herself and her surroundings." that was true in 1896, and incredibly, it remains, true in places around the world today.

the key word from the passage that emphasizes the central idea is " ."
a. freedom
b. oppression
c. surroundings
d. world