Which of these novels is considered an important precursor to science fiction?

fahrenheit 451
frankenstein
oryx and crake
the left hand of darkness

Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley is considered an important precursor to science fiction.

Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist that creates a creature composed of body parts from deceased humans. The novel marks the origins of science fiction because it is one of the first books to explore the relationship between humanity, science and its boundaries, which are crossed by Victor Frankenstein due to his scientific curiosity. In that way, the author presents the dangerous and destructive side of science, which appears as the subject matter of the story. For that reason, Frankenstein is considered to be an engenderer of science fiction.

not exaxtly

explanation: it depends on the situation like if u do something good there will be good consequences which arent punishments but if you do somthing bad there will be bad consequences which are punishements.

fears about being blown up