When was pluto formally downgraded from planet to dwarf planet? a. after the new york times published an article about pluto b. after a vote by the international astronomical union c. after dr. tyson received a letter from a concerned child d. after the hayden planetarium's solar system exhibit opened

The correct answer is B. Pluto was formally downgraded from planet to dwarf planet after a vote by the International Astronomical Union.

Explanation:

Pluto was discovered on February 18, 1930 by American astronomer Clyde William Tombaugh from the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, and was considered the ninth and smallest planet in the solar system by the International Astronomical Union and public opinion since then until 2006, although its membership in the group of planets in the solar system was always the subject of controversy among astronomers.

After an intense debate, and with the proposal of Uruguayan astronomers Julio Angel Fernandez and Gonzalo Tancredi before the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union in Prague, Czech Republic, it was unanimously decided to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet, requiring that a planet must have orbital dominance. Since September 7, 2006, it has the number 134340, granted by the Center for Minor Planets.

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serve the people! ,” smoothly translated by julia lovell, offers an initial sample of yan lianke’s writing to an english-speaking audience. a bluntly drawn, mildly erotic fable, it teases mao zedong by poking fun at a true believer who obeys the chairman’s precepts too literally. to a western sensibility, the broad strokes of yan lianke’s humor would seem to pose little risk of inciting rebellion, whether of the flesh or of the body politic. but then, part of the book’s attraction is that it doesn’t have a western sensibility. it lets the reader see — or rather, intuit — what jokes chinese officials don’t consider funny, and how very little it takes for a writer to be branded an incendiary in 21st-century china, more than three decades after the death of mao, a decade after the death of deng xiaoping and seven years since china entered the world trade organization, a move that would seem to signal a willingness (however wary) to mingle with the rest of the world.