Ithink that the problem henry has raised is a major for our society today.

I agree with you that issue is best; it is a good parallel with problem.  

A problem might be a subject for discussion, but we are not likely to say it is a subject for society.  

It is difficult to see how a problem could be a theme for society. If there is a repeated or underlying subject of discussions we might call it a theme:

If there was an underlying theme it was this: "The problem is we don't have any money". (Source: Seattle Post Intelligencer (blog) - Mar 24, 2010)

Points are likely to be assertions, not questions to resolve, which is what problems are. We aren't likely to say "a point for our society today", unless we say what the society is to do with it. A person could say "[The fact that education is necessary for progress] is a point for our society to consider," although there would be better ways to express the idea.

Explanation: issue

the answer to "what does the narrator realize by the end of the story" is b.